Stereotype Threat

Noun

Defined as a socially rooted psychological threat that occurs when one is in a situation or doing something for which a negative stereotype about one's group applies.

According to stereotype threat, members of a marginalized group acknowledge that a negative stereotype exists in reference to their group, and they demonstrate apprehension about confirming the negative stereotype by engaging in particular activities.

Source

NIH

See also the classic paper by Steele and Aronson (1995) that describes stereotype threat, Stereotype Threat and the Intellectual Test Performance of African Americans.