Hypoglycemia means “low blood sugar.” This means that your blood sugar has dropped below 70 mg/dL. There are different levels of hypoglycemia and different ways to treat it.
You can learn more about managing your blood sugar levels at the Diabetes Resource Center.
Managing Hypoglycemia (English)
Managing Hypoglycemia (Español)
Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
People experiencing hypoglycemia might feel shaky, sweaty, hungry, irritable, or nervous. Additionally, some people might experience headaches, weakness, trouble concentrating, or a fast/irregular heartbeat.
You may be able to tell if your blood sugar is low if you experience symptoms. However, our bodies don’t always send us consistent messages. The only way to truly know if you have a low blood sugar is to check your blood using an FDA-approved glucose meter.
Testing for and Treating Hypoglycemia
If you test using a glucose meter and and your blood sugar is between 59 and 70, ingesting 15 grams of fast-acting carbohydrates can bring your blood sugar back to normal.
If it is less than 59, you may need more than 15 grams of carbohydrates.
Fast-acting carbohydrates include regular soda, candies, glucose tabs or gel, skim milk, or some juices. Do not eat chocolate or candies with nuts, as the fat from these foods will prevent your blood sugar from rising as quickly. Although it is tempting to eat as much as you can when your blood sugar is low, try to avoid doing so. Start with 15 grams of carbohydrates, then in 15 minutes, check your blood sugar. If it is still lower than 70, treat again (eat another round of fast-acting carbohydrates).
Once your blood sugar is normal, eat a small snack to prevent another low.
Hypoglycemia while Unconscious or Unstable
If a family member or friend who uses insulin is unconscious, jerking/spasming, or unable to swallow, they should receive glucagon, even if you’re not sure the cause is low glucose.
Food and sugary drinks should not be given to someone who is unconscious or unable to swallow safely!
Whereas insulin decreases sugar in the blood when levels are too high, glucagon works the opposite way. It can increase sugar levels in the blood when they are too low. Therefore, glucagon can be used to treat severe hypoglycemia. It is available in either injectable or nasal spray form.
Your healthcare provider can prescribe glucagon to keep on-hand for emergencies. It’s important to teach people in your life (loved ones, coaches, teachers, or other support system) how to use it.
Additional Resources