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Reproductive Endocrinology
Management of the Climacteric Period
1. Describe the normal physiologic changes that occur at the time of menopause.
2. Describe the typical symptoms experienced by a woman at the time of menopause.
3. Perform a focused physical examination in a perimenopausal or menopausal patient.
4. Interpret selected laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis of menopause, such as serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration.
5. Assess the risk of osteoporosis by history, examination, and testing.
6. Interpret the results of other screening tests that should be performed in menopausal patients (outlined in “Periodic health assessments,” Unit 2, Primary and Preventive Ambulatory Health Care).
a. Hormone replacement therapy (estrogen, progestins, SERMs)
b. Calcium supplementation
c. Behavioral and lifestyle modifications
d. Dietary alterations
e. Other medications that preserve bone mass such as bisphosphonates
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